Move over Mirai, there’s a new monstrous botnet in town. The newly-discovered botnet, dubbed “Reaper” or “IoTroop,” appears to be a more powerful strain of the Internet of Things (IoT) attack malware that Mirai was, the previous holder of the IoT botnet crown. And while Reaper hasn’t yet to launch an attack, security researchers warn that it may only be a matter of time.
Researchers from Check Point announced their discovery of Reaper on October 19th, claiming that it may have already infected “an estimated million organisations” and could potentially “take down the internet.” The new malware, Check Point wrote, is “evolving and recruiting IoT devices at a far greater pace and with more potential damage than the Mirai botnet of 2016.”
Where Mirai used factory-default or hard-coded usernames and passwords to infiltrate and eventually take control of IoT devices, Reaper exploits known security vulnerabilities across IoT device makers, such as AVTECH, D-Link, Netgear, Linksys and more, according to KrebsonSecurity. Netlab 360 listed the vulnerabilities Reaper exploits in a blog post.
The Reaper worm is designed to spread from one infected device to another.
Infiltrating IoT
What makes Reaper and other IoT-based attacks particularly scary is their breadth and sophistication. For example, IoT attacks don’t rely on spoofing to create wide-spreading attacks; instead, they are real endpoints with real IP addresses, making it more difficult to block each individual device that is sending attack traffic. Additionally, IoT attacks are widely distributed globally and each IP has to be treated differently – an organisation can’t just block a network segment or a country’s IP range to defend against it.
Additionally, IoT attacks can have a wider breath of attacking capabilities than traditional attack strategies. For example, previous huge volume attacks used reflection (such as DNS or NTP) to create volume, meaning thousands of open resolvers (DNS reflection case) would be tricked into generating a huge traffic load. IoT attacks, on the other hand, have a vast swath; millions of IoT devices can each generate individual traffic that can swell into gargantuan attacks – think of it as a wake building into a tidal wave.
While there have been no confirmed reports of Reaper being used to carry out an attack yet, the potential for a DDoS strike looms, especially considering that Mirai was used to launch some of largest DDoS attacks on record, including assaults up to and exceeding 1 Tbps.
“It is too early to guess the intentions of the threat actors behind it, but with previous Botnet DDoS attacks essentially taking down the Internet, it is vital that organisations make proper preparations and defence mechanisms are put in place before an attack strikes,” Check Point wrote.
Update IoT Devices
One preventative measure is to update your devices. Updating IoT devices with new code and turning off features that involve WAN-based administration can help protect devices from Reaper, should it become active.
While Mirai was primed with a list of default usernames and passwords of devices throughout the internet, Reaper uses a set of exploits seen in various devices, meaning that without any knowledge of a username or password, someone may be able to get in by leveraging one of these exploits.
Failing to update devices and turn off WAN-style features could leave your admin password exposed, regardless of how complex it is.
Protect Yourself
Should Reaper take the same track as Mirai and be leveraged to launch IoT-fueled DDoS attacks, it’s important to be protected.
High-performance DDoS detection and mitigation are must-haves in the battle against IoT botnets and the sophisticated multi-vector DDoS attacks they power. Organisations need swift, surgical detection and rapid mitigation to ensure services aren’t disrupted and that legitimate traffic can still get through during wartime.
It is imperative for DDoS defence solutions to understand traffic patterns and behaviours to block anomalous traffic while allowing real user traffic to continue to pass through. Identifying and analysing threats quickly is also necessary. And for additional real-time protection, organisations should implement a hybrid DDoS protection model that combines the power of on-premise DDoS defence with cloud capabilities to combat high-volume DDoS attacks.
A strong DDoS defence solution can help protect against threats now and threats that could spring up in the future. So, if Reaper starts launching DDoS attacks, or researchers uncover the next big botnet, you’re covered, and you won’t have to fear the Reaper.
