Kaspersky Lab researchers have discovered multiple security vulnerabilities in popular smart cameras that are frequently used as baby monitors, or for internal home and office security surveillance. According to the research, the uncovered flaws could allow attackers to obtain remote access to video and audio feeds from the cameras, remotely disable these devices, execute arbitrary malicious code on them and do many other things.
Modern smart cameras contain an advanced number of functions, providing users with various opportunities: people can use them as advanced baby monitors or for surveillance systems which spot intruders while no one is home or in the office. But, are these cameras secure enough by design and what if such a smart camera started watching you, instead of watching your home?
Previous analysis conducted by many other security researchers has shown that smart cameras in general tend to contain security vulnerabilities at different levels of severity. However, in their latest research, Kaspersky Lab experts uncovered something extraordinary: not just one, but a whole range of smart cameras was found to be vulnerable to a number of severe remote attacks. This was due to an insecurely designed cloud-backbone system that was initially created to enable the owners of these cameras to remotely access video from their devices.
By exploiting these vulnerabilities, malicious users could execute the following attacks:
- Access video and audio feeds from any camera connected to the vulnerable cloud service;
- Remotely gain root access to a camera and use it as an entry-point for further attacks on other devices on both local and external networks.
- Remotely upload and execute arbitrary malicious code on the cameras;
- Steal personal information such as users’ social network accounts and information which is used to send users notifications.
- Remotely “brick” vulnerable cameras.
Following the discovery, Kaspersky Lab researchers contacted and reported the vulnerabilities to Hanwha Techwin, the manufacturer of the affected cameras. At the time of publication, some vulnerabilities had already been fixed, and the remaining vulnerabilities are set to be completely fixed soon, according to the manufacturer.
All these attacks were possible because experts found that the way the cameras interacted with the cloud service was insecure and open to relatively easy interference. They also found that the architecture of the cloud service itself was vulnerable to external interference.
It is important to note that such attacks were only possible if attackers knew the serial number of the camera. However, the way in which serial numbers are generated is relatively easy to find out through simple brute-force attacks: the camera registering system didn’t have brute force protection.
While doing their research, Kaspersky Lab experts were able to identify almost 2,000 vulnerable cameras working online, but these were only the cameras that had their own IP address, hence were directly available through the internet. The real number of vulnerable devices placed behind routers and firewalls could actually be several times higher.
In addition, researchers found an undocumented functionality, which could be used by the manufacturer for final production test purposes. However, at the same time criminals could use this hidden avenue to send wrong signals to any camera or change a command already sent to it. Besides that, the feature itself was found to be vulnerable. It could be further exploited with a buffer overflow, potentially leading to the camera’s shutdown. The vendor has now fixed the issue and removed this feature.
“The problem with current IoT device security is that both customers and vendors mistakenly think that if you place the device inside your network, and separate it from the wider internet with the help of a router, you will solve most security problems – or at least significantly decrease the severity of existing issues. In many cases this is correct: before exploiting security issues in devices inside of a targeted network, one would need to gain access to the router. However, our research shows that this may not actually be the case at all: given that the cameras we investigated were only able to talk with the external world via a cloud service, which was totally vulnerable,” said Vladimir Dashchenko, Head of vulnerabilities research group at Kaspersky Lab ICS CERT.
“The interesting thing is that besides the previously-described attack vectors such as malware infections and botnets, we found that the cameras could also be used for mining. While mining is becoming one of the main security threats facing businesses, IoT mining is an emerging trend due to the growing prevalence of IoT devices, and will continue to increase.” – He added.
Commenting on this, Amir Abramovitch, security researcher at Cy-OT, said “According to this research, hackers can take over any Hanwha smart camera, and some Samsung cameras. Amongst other things, they can remotely change the administrator’s password and execute arbitrary code on the camera. This is particularly worrying as the camera is wireless-only (no wired connection available) and may not be properly managed and monitored at a corporate office. More likely, most offices won’t even know they have one of these on premise. These vulnerabilities in Hanwha smart cameras create an opening for hackers to remotely take over the device and use it to infiltrate corporate secure networks.”
Steve Giguere, EMEA engineer at Synopsys, said “Internet of Things (IoT) products are heavily driven by time to market and feature first design, with the perception that these are the direct lines to profit. Security concerns are a distant third, with security too often seen as a cost centre as opposed to an essential enabler. Understanding that shifting the detection of serious product vulnerabilities as early as possible in the development process, using static code analysis (SCA), fuzzing technologies and penetration tests, provides an opportunity, not only for reduced developer costs, support and maintenance, but also mitigated risk of negative impact on brand and product reputation.Considering that insecure devices such as smart cameras can give attackers the ability to use anything from buffer overflow vulnerabilities to cloud misconfigurations and insecure data in transit; allowing for anything from arbitrary code execution to botnet DDoS or crypto-mining to complete administrative access to the camera, the question shouldn’t be what is the cost of security; but what is the cost of not taking security seriously enough?”